When a family in Encino loses a loved one due to another party’s negligence, the emotional and financial fallout can be overwhelming. Law Republic APC is available to help grieving families in Encino and throughout Los Angeles County navigate wrongful death claims, pursue fair compensation, and protect legal rights. We prioritize clear communication and steady support during every step, answering questions about timelines, potential recovery categories, and what to expect when pursuing a claim. Call 818-532-5323 to discuss your situation and get an initial consultation tailored to your needs in Encino and nearby communities.
Wrongful death cases require careful investigation to establish liability, collect evidence, and build a persuasive claim on behalf of surviving family members. In Encino, pursuing compensation may involve reviewing medical records, incident reports, witness statements, and expert analyses. Families often face decisions about whether to negotiate with insurers or pursue litigation; having steady legal representation helps ensure those choices are informed and aligned with each family’s priorities. This guide explains key issues families commonly encounter, the types of damages that may be recoverable, and how the legal process typically moves forward in Encino wrongful death matters.
Pursuing a wrongful death claim in Encino can provide families with important financial relief and accountability. A well-managed case can secure compensation for medical costs, funeral expenses, lost financial support, and loss of companionship, which helps families rebuild stability after a loss. Beyond financial recovery, thoughtful legal action can document what happened, create a record of responsibility, and offer closure for survivors. Local knowledge of Los Angeles County courts and insurance practices can make a meaningful difference when negotiating settlements or preparing for trial, and consistent communication helps families understand their options and feel supported throughout the process.
Law Republic APC handles wrongful death and personal injury matters for families across California, with a focus on attentive client service and thorough case preparation. Our team understands the local Encino community, Los Angeles County court procedures, and the investigative resources needed to pursue complex claims. We prioritize gathering clear evidence, consulting with appropriate professionals, and advocating firmly with insurers and opposing parties. Clients can expect timely updates, compassionate guidance, and strategic planning that aligns with each family’s goals for recovery and resolution while protecting their legal rights after a loved one has been lost.
Wrongful death claims seek compensation when a person dies due to another party’s negligence, intentional actions, or unsafe conduct. In Encino and across California, these claims are typically brought by certain family members or a personal representative on behalf of the decedent’s estate. The legal process involves proving fault, documenting damages, and demonstrating how the loss affects survivors financially and emotionally. Timely action matters because California law limits how long a claim can be filed, and evidence can deteriorate over time. Working with counsel early helps preserve important records and witness accounts for a stronger case.
Handling a wrongful death claim often requires coordination with doctors, accident reconstruction professionals, and economic evaluators to establish both liability and the value of losses. In Encino, cases may involve traffic collisions, workplace incidents, medical care issues, or other scenarios where negligent conduct caused a fatal outcome. Compensation may cover past and future financial losses, funeral costs, and the impact on dependents. The process can include negotiation with insurance companies, settlement discussions, and, when necessary, filing a civil lawsuit in Los Angeles County courts to pursue fair compensation for surviving family members and the decedent’s estate.
A wrongful death claim arises when a death is caused by another party’s wrongful act or negligence and survivors seek compensation for their losses. California law identifies who may bring such a claim and what types of damages are recoverable, including economic and non-economic losses. In Encino, establishing a successful claim requires showing that the defendant owed a duty of care, breached that duty, and that breach led to the fatal outcome. Gathering clear medical documentation, witness testimony, and other supporting evidence provides the foundation for proving causation and quantifying the losses suffered by the decedent’s family.
A wrongful death case generally follows a set of steps: investigating the incident, identifying liable parties, documenting damages, engaging with insurers, and pursuing settlement or litigation if needed. Investigations in Encino may include scene analysis, obtaining police and medical records, and interviewing witnesses. Proving damages involves calculating medical expenses, lost earnings, funeral costs, and assigning a value to loss of companionship. Throughout the process, legal counsel coordinates evidence collection, files necessary paperwork in Los Angeles County courts, and represents family members in negotiations or courtroom proceedings to seek a resolution that aligns with their needs and priorities.
Understanding common legal terms helps families navigate a wrongful death claim with more confidence. This glossary explains frequently used concepts encountered in Encino cases, from who can file a claim to the types of compensation that may be available. Clear definitions make it easier to follow court filings, insurance correspondence, and legal advice. When families are familiar with these terms, they can make more informed decisions about settlement offers, litigation strategy, and the scope of investigations needed to support their claim throughout the process in Los Angeles County.
A wrongful death claim seeks compensation for survivors after a person dies due to another party’s negligent or wrongful conduct. In Encino, eligible claimants typically include certain family members or a personal representative acting on behalf of the estate. The claim aims to recover losses such as medical bills incurred before death, funeral and burial expenses, lost financial support, and the intangible loss of companionship. Filing deadlines apply under California law, so starting the claims process promptly helps preserve legal options and gather evidence while it remains available and reliable for use in negotiations or litigation.
A survival action is a legal claim brought on behalf of the decedent’s estate to recover damages the deceased could have pursued had they survived. This can include medical expenses, pain and suffering experienced before death, and other losses sustained by the decedent. In Encino, a survival action is distinct from a wrongful death claim brought by family members; both may proceed concurrently to address different categories of loss. Properly identifying and pursuing a survival action helps ensure the estate receives compensation for harms the decedent personally endured prior to passing.
In wrongful death litigation, the plaintiff is the party bringing the claim on behalf of the decedent’s survivors or estate, while the defendant is the person or entity alleged to have caused the death through negligent or wrongful actions. Plaintiffs in Encino cases may include spouses, children, or designated representatives, depending on California law. Defendants can range from individual drivers and property owners to companies or government entities. Identifying responsible parties and correctly naming them in filings is an important step in ensuring the claim proceeds properly through Los Angeles County courts.
Compensatory damages are monetary awards intended to make surviving family members whole for losses caused by the wrongful death. These damages can include economic losses such as lost wages, medical and funeral expenses, and loss of benefits, as well as non-economic losses like loss of companionship and emotional support. In Encino wrongful death matters, documenting these losses carefully through records and testimony helps build a case for appropriate compensation. A thoughtful approach to valuing both financial and non-financial harms supports negotiations with insurers or arguments presented to a court.
Families pursuing wrongful death claims in Encino can often choose between negotiating with insurance companies, seeking alternative dispute resolution, or filing a lawsuit in Los Angeles County. Negotiation may resolve matters more quickly but depends on the willingness of insurers to engage in fair discussions. Litigation can provide a formal venue to establish accountability and pursue full compensation when negotiations stall. Each path has tradeoffs related to time, cost, and privacy. Consulting with representation helps families weigh these options against their priorities, such as a desire for prompt closure versus a determination to achieve higher compensation through the courts.
A more limited approach focused on negotiation may be effective when liability is clearly established and the insurer is responsive to reasonable settlement discussions. In Encino, this can occur when incident reports, witness statements, and medical documentation clearly point to a responsible party, and the insurance carrier is open to resolving the claim without protracted litigation. Even in those situations, careful documentation and a clear valuation of damages remain important to secure fair compensation and ensure survivors’ financial needs are addressed promptly while avoiding unnecessary court proceedings.
Families sometimes prioritize a timely resolution to cover immediate expenses such as medical bills and funeral costs, making negotiation a sensible option. In Encino, pursuing a negotiated settlement can close the matter more quickly than litigation, allowing survivors to access funds to stabilize their situation. Even when a limited approach is pursued, it is important to evaluate settlement offers against a realistic assessment of long-term losses, and to ensure any agreement fully addresses foreseeable expenses and the broader impact on the family before accepting terms.
A comprehensive approach is often warranted when fault is disputed, multiple parties may share liability, or complex evidence must be developed to prove causation. In Encino, incidents involving commercial vehicles, multiple vehicles, or potential employer liability can require extensive investigation and expert consultation to clarify responsibility. Pursuing a thorough strategy that includes investigative work, witness interviews, and coordination with professionals increases the likelihood of identifying all liable parties and maximizing the available recovery for the family.
Cases that involve significant economic losses, ongoing financial dependency, or long-term impacts on surviving family members often benefit from a comprehensive legal approach. In Encino, calculating future lost earnings, healthcare needs, and the ongoing effects of lost companionship requires careful economic analysis and detailed presentation. A full-scale strategy can uncover evidence that supports higher valuations, prepare strong arguments for court if necessary, and ensure that settlement negotiations reflect the full scope of losses suffered by the family.
A comprehensive strategy increases the chances of securing compensation that reflects the full scope of a family’s losses after a fatal incident. In Encino, building a detailed record of liability and damages helps counter insurer tactics that aim to minimize payouts. Taking the time to investigate thoroughly, obtain professional evaluations, and prepare a persuasive case supports stronger negotiation positions and more complete settlements. Families benefit from a methodical approach that seeks to address immediate needs while also accounting for long-term financial and emotional consequences caused by the loss.
Comprehensive representation also helps families manage the procedural demands of litigation when a case proceeds to court. Proper filings, adherence to court rules in Los Angeles County, and effective presentation of evidence are all part of protecting a client’s rights. Beyond legal filings, this approach ensures clear communication so survivors understand options and progress. Encino families who pursue a thorough course position themselves to secure fair resolution whether through settlement or trial, and they gain the benefit of coordinated efforts to preserve and present evidence on their behalf.
Thorough evidence development is a central benefit of taking a broad approach to wrongful death claims. In Encino, that means collecting medical records, accident reports, surveillance footage, and witness statements, as well as consulting with appropriate professionals to reconstruct events and document damages. Strong evidence supports more realistic settlement demands and provides a solid foundation if a case goes to trial. Families benefit from confident presentation of facts that clearly link the defendant’s conduct to the fatal outcome, which is often decisive when negotiating with insurers or arguing before a judge or jury.
A comprehensive approach aims to identify and value all recoverable losses, including medical expenses, funeral costs, lost financial support, and non-economic damages such as loss of companionship. In Encino, careful analysis of a family’s financial situation and documentation of contributions the decedent made to household stability helps determine an appropriate valuation. Presenting a complete and well-supported case increases the chance of obtaining compensation that reflects both immediate costs and future impacts, providing survivors with resources to move forward with greater financial security.
Keep meticulous records of medical bills, funeral expenses, and communications with insurers or other parties; these documents form the backbone of a strong wrongful death claim. In Encino, preserving photos, police reports, medical records, and names of potential witnesses is especially important because evidence can be lost or memories can fade over time. If possible, secure copies of records and maintain a dedicated folder or digital archive to share with legal counsel. Organized documentation helps any legal team evaluate damages, establish timelines, and build a persuasive case on behalf of surviving family members.
Contacting legal counsel promptly helps preserve important evidence and ensures legal deadlines are met under California law. Early consultation in Encino allows a legal team to advise on necessary steps, begin investigations, and coordinate with medical and investigative professionals. Prompt action can be decisive for obtaining records, interviewing witnesses, and assessing liability. Families benefit from timely guidance that clarifies options, explains procedural timelines, and helps set expectations for negotiations or litigation moving forward in Los Angeles County courts.
Families pursue wrongful death representation to obtain financial relief, establish responsibility, and secure an official record of the circumstances leading to a loved one’s death. In Encino, compensation can offset immediate costs such as medical and funeral bills and address ongoing financial needs resulting from the loss of a household contributor. Legal advocacy can also ensure that all potential defendants are identified and that insurance coverage is fully explored, so the family receives a recovery that reflects the real impact of the loss on their day-to-day life and future finances.
Beyond financial recovery, legal representation provides practical guidance through a complex system of legal deadlines, filings, and negotiations. Families in Encino often find the support of counsel helpful when dealing with insurers, responding to demands, and understanding what documentation is necessary to support claims. Having someone coordinate investigations, communicate with medical providers, and prepare persuasive legal arguments gives survivors the time and resources to focus on healing while their case proceeds with careful attention to detail and strategy.
Wrongful death claims in Encino can arise from a variety of incidents, including traffic collisions, workplace accidents, medical negligence, and unsafe premises incidents. Each situation requires a tailored investigation to determine fault and collect evidence that links the defendant’s actions to the fatal outcome. In busy Los Angeles County environments, traffic-related incidents are common, but other scenarios such as construction site accidents or healthcare errors may also lead to claims. Understanding the specific circumstances helps shape the legal approach to recovering damages on behalf of surviving family members.
Motor vehicle collisions are among the most frequent causes of wrongful death claims in Encino and Los Angeles County. These incidents often require reconstruction, witness interviews, and review of traffic and police reports to determine fault. Factors such as negligent driving, impaired operation, distracted driving, and defective vehicle components can all contribute to a fatal outcome. Building a comprehensive record of the incident supports claims for damages tied to the decedent’s medical care, funeral expenses, and the financial and emotional impact on surviving family members.
Fatal workplace incidents, including construction site accidents or industrial mishaps, can give rise to wrongful death actions in Encino when employer negligence or unsafe conditions contribute to a death. These cases frequently involve investigations into compliance with safety regulations, training records, and equipment maintenance. While workers’ compensation may provide some benefits, families may also have the right to pursue a wrongful death claim against third parties whose conduct contributed to the fatal event. Thorough fact-gathering and coordination with safety professionals are often necessary to document liability and damages.
Deaths resulting from medical errors or substandard care can lead to wrongful death claims when it is shown that care providers failed to meet accepted standards and that failure caused the fatal outcome. In Encino, these matters typically require detailed review of medical records, consultation with medical professionals to evaluate the standard of care, and careful documentation of the causal link between negligence and death. Such cases can be complex, involving hospital systems, multiple clinicians, and specialized medical issues, which underscores the need for thorough investigation and persuasive presentation of evidence.
If your family is facing the loss of a loved one due to someone else’s action or inaction, reaching out for legal guidance can help protect your rights and clarify next steps. Law Republic APC provides compassionate support to families in Encino, offering clear explanations of legal options and assistance beginning with evidence preservation and claim evaluation. Our team can help coordinate necessary records, explain statutory deadlines, and advocate with insurers to pursue fair compensation while respecting each family’s needs and priorities during a difficult time.
Law Republic APC focuses on attentive client service, careful investigation, and aggressive advocacy for families after a wrongful death. In Encino, clients rely on our ability to gather necessary documentation, communicate clearly, and develop a legal strategy aligned with their goals. We recognize the emotional toll of these cases and work to ease procedural burdens while pursuing a thorough evaluation of damages. Our approach emphasizes responsiveness, thoughtful case management, and a commitment to achieving meaningful results for families seeking accountability and compensation.
We assist with developing a tailored plan for each case, which may involve negotiating with insurers, coordinating with medical and financial professionals, and preparing court filings when litigation is necessary. Families in Encino benefit from our experience navigating local procedures and advocating in Los Angeles County courts. Throughout the process, we aim to provide transparency about potential outcomes, explain realistic timelines, and work to advance the family’s interests while preserving their legal options at every stage.
Our team prioritizes direct communication so that families always know the status of their case and the steps being taken on their behalf. From initial investigation to settlement discussions or trial preparation, we handle procedural tasks, gather evidence, and address questions regarding damages and liability. For Encino households coping with a tragic loss, having consistent legal support helps reduce uncertainty and ensures that claims are presented in a manner designed to pursue fair recovery and recognition of the harms suffered by survivors and the decedent’s estate.
Our process begins with a detailed case evaluation to understand the circumstances surrounding the death and the family’s immediate needs. For Encino clients, we gather initial records, identify potential defendants, and advise on preserving evidence. Following evaluation, we outline a plan that may include further investigation, consultation with professionals, and communications with insurers. If a negotiated resolution is feasible and fair, we pursue that path, but we also prepare for litigation by drafting necessary court documents and building a compelling factual and legal case to seek full compensation for survivors.
The first phase focuses on understanding the facts of the incident, collecting available records, and identifying witnesses and parties who may bear responsibility. In Encino cases, this often involves obtaining police reports, medical records, and any available surveillance or dashcam footage. We also document the decedent’s financial contributions and family relationships to assess damages. A timely and methodical intake and investigation phase helps preserve evidence and positions the case for negotiation or litigation as appropriate to the family’s goals.
Collecting all related medical records, hospital billing statements, and incident documentation establishes the medical timeline and monetary costs connected to the decedent’s final illness or injuries. In Encino matters, timely requests for records and thorough review are essential to determine causation and quantify economic losses. These records also support claims for pain and suffering experienced before death. Comprehensive medical documentation strengthens settlement negotiations and provides the basis for expert analysis when necessary to establish a causal link between negligent conduct and the fatal outcome.
Interviewing witnesses and preserving scene evidence helps recreate events and identify responsible parties. In Encino, prompt witness outreach and securing potential physical or digital evidence prevents loss of critical information over time. Preserving photographs, surveillance video, and any relevant physical items ensures they can be reviewed and used when formulating claims. Witness statements contribute to a coherent narrative of the incident and are valuable in both settlement talks and court presentations, helping to show how the defendant’s conduct led to the tragic result.
Following investigation, we prepare a demand package that outlines liability and the full scope of damages, then present it to insurers or opposing parties. In Encino, this stage involves clear documentation of economic and non-economic losses and a reasoned argument for fair compensation. Negotiations may include back-and-forth exchanges, requests for additional records, and strategic responses to settlement offers. Our goal is to obtain an equitable resolution without unnecessary delay while ensuring any settlement accurately reflects the family’s short- and long-term needs.
The demand package compiles evidence of liability and the monetary and emotional impact on survivors, including bills, wage records, and statements detailing the effect of the loss. For Encino families, a well-organized demand helps insurers understand the case’s strengths and encourages fair settlement discussions. The package may include expert opinions, medical summaries, and economic calculations that substantiate claims for current and future losses, providing a persuasive foundation for negotiations aimed at resolving the matter without filing suit.
Settlement negotiations require careful evaluation of offers in light of documented damages and the family’s goals. In Encino, discussions with insurance adjusters often include counteroffers and requests for additional proof. We advise families on the risks and benefits of proposed resolutions, helping them choose whether a settlement adequately meets financial and emotional needs. If insurers refuse to offer fair compensation, the case may proceed to litigation while continuing to pursue settlement opportunities that reflect the evidence and the family’s interests.
If settlement efforts do not secure fair compensation, filing a lawsuit in Los Angeles County may be necessary to pursue full recovery. Litigation involves formal court filings, discovery, depositions, and potential court appearances. For Encino cases, preparing for trial includes organizing evidence, developing witness testimony, and consulting with professionals to support claims for damages. While trial is often a last resort, a thorough preparation process increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome whether through trial verdict or renewed settlement talks before trial.
Filing the complaint begins the formal legal process and sets the deadlines for necessary actions in court. Discovery allows both parties to request documents, take depositions, and gather information to clarify liability and damages. In Encino wrongful death suits, discovery often includes requests for medical records, employment information, and communications relevant to the incident. Effective discovery can reveal additional responsible parties or insurance coverage and helps shape trial strategy by exposing the strengths and weaknesses of the case on both sides.
Trial preparation focuses on crafting persuasive narratives, preparing witnesses, and organizing exhibits for presentation to a judge or jury. In Encino matters, thorough preparation may involve mock examinations, expert witness coaching, and developing visual aids to explain complex issues clearly. The goal is to present a coherent, evidence-based case that communicates the cause of death and the scope of the family’s losses. Whether the matter resolves before trial or proceeds to court, strong preparation ensures the family’s position is articulated effectively throughout the litigation process.
California law specifies who may bring a wrongful death action, and eligible parties commonly include the decedent’s surviving spouse, children, and, under certain circumstances, the domestic partner. If no immediate family members can file, a personal representative of the estate may pursue a claim on behalf of other dependents or beneficiaries. The specific order and eligibility rules are set by state statutes, so identifying the proper claimant is an essential first step in the Encino claims process. Determining who may file also affects how damages are allocated and which losses can be recovered. Attorneys can help review family relationships, guardianship matters, and estate details to confirm standing to sue. Early consultation ensures that the correct party files within the legal time limits and that the claim accurately reflects the interests of surviving family members and the decedent’s estate.
Surviving family members may pursue economic damages such as medical expenses incurred before death, funeral and burial costs, and loss of financial support the decedent would have provided. Non-economic damages for loss of companionship and emotional support are also potentially recoverable. The mix of recoverable damages depends on the family’s circumstances and state law provisions. Calculating these damages requires detailed documentation of medical bills, wage history, and testimony about the decedent’s role within the household. For future losses, economists or vocational experts may prepare projections. A thoughtful approach seeks to capture both immediate costs and the long-term financial and emotional impacts on surviving family members.
California imposes time limits known as statutes of limitations that govern how long families have to file a wrongful death lawsuit. While the specific deadline can vary depending on the circumstances, prompt action is recommended to preserve legal rights and prevent missing deadlines that could bar recovery. In Encino, consulting with counsel early helps ensure filings occur within required timeframes and preserves evidence that could otherwise disappear over time. Delays can make it difficult to locate witnesses, secure records, or reconstruct events accurately. Even when negotiations with insurers are underway, initiating legal steps early protects the family’s options and maintains leverage in settlement discussions. Legal guidance clarifies the applicable deadlines and helps coordinate necessary filings to avoid procedural pitfalls.
Yes, interaction with insurers is typically part of wrongful death cases, because insurance carriers often represent defendants or cover potential losses. Families can expect communications from adjusters, settlement offers, and requests for documentation. Insurers may seek to resolve matters efficiently, but they also aim to limit payouts, so careful handling of communications is important to protect the family’s interests. Having counsel manage insurer interactions helps ensure that requests are handled appropriately and that any offers are evaluated against a thorough assessment of damages. Legal representation helps prevent premature or incomplete statements that could reduce the family’s recovery and provides a structured approach to negotiation that focuses on achieving fair compensation.
Yes, wrongful death cases can proceed when multiple parties share fault, and California law allows for apportionment of liability among responsible parties. When fault is divided, recovery may come from several defendants or their insurers, and each party’s percentage of responsibility affects award amounts. Complex incidents in Encino involving multiple vehicles, employers, or third parties often require careful investigation to identify all potential defendants and allocate responsibility appropriately. Pursuing claims against multiple parties can increase potential recovery but also adds complexity to negotiations and litigation. Coordinated legal strategy and thorough discovery are necessary to present evidence showing each party’s contribution to the fatal outcome, which supports a more accurate determination of compensation for surviving family members.
Critical evidence in wrongful death cases includes medical records, incident reports such as police or workplace reports, witness statements, and any available video or photographic documentation. These materials help establish how the incident occurred and demonstrate the causal link between wrongful conduct and the fatal outcome. Financial documentation showing lost income and household contributions is also important when calculating damages. Expert opinions, accident reconstructions, and vocational or economic assessments can be pivotal in more complex cases, providing technical support for claims regarding causation and future losses. Collecting and preserving these forms of evidence early increases their reliability and strengthens the family’s position in negotiations or at trial.
Many wrongful death cases resolve through negotiation or settlement, but some proceed to trial when parties cannot agree on fair compensation. Trial may be necessary to establish liability, quantify damages, or address disputes about responsibility. In Encino, the decision to pursue trial depends on case specifics, the strength of evidence, and the family’s goals regarding accountability and recovery. Preparation for trial involves formal filings, discovery, depositions, and witness preparation to present a compelling case to a judge or jury. Even when trial is a possibility, continued settlement efforts often occur, and a robust trial preparation strategy can improve settlement outcomes by demonstrating readiness to litigate if necessary.
Estimating future financial losses involves reviewing the decedent’s earnings history, employment prospects, benefits, and potential career trajectory, then calculating the expected financial support the family would have received. Economists or financial analysts may prepare projections that account for inflation, lost earning capacity, and household contributions. For Encino families, these calculations help ensure a comprehensive valuation of economic damages that extends beyond immediate bills. Assessing non-economic impacts such as loss of guidance and companionship requires careful documentation of family dynamics and testimony about the decedent’s role. Together, these evaluations help construct a full picture of the long-term consequences of the loss and support demands for compensation that address both present and future needs.
In some cases, families may receive workers’ compensation benefits for a workplace fatality while also having the right to pursue a wrongful death claim against third parties whose actions contributed to the death. Workers’ compensation can provide certain benefits, but it typically limits claims against employers in exchange for no-fault relief. Identifying whether a third party bears additional liability is important for maximizing recovery for the family. Consultation helps determine whether pursuing a wrongful death claim alongside workers’ compensation is feasible and advisable. Legal guidance ensures families do not unintentionally forfeit rights and that all available avenues for compensation are explored and coordinated to achieve the best possible outcome.
Families should contact counsel as soon as possible after a fatal incident to preserve evidence, obtain guidance on statutory deadlines, and begin assembling records necessary to support a claim. Early involvement helps secure medical and incident records, interview witnesses while memories are fresh, and prevent the loss of critical documentation. In Encino, prompt action maximizes the ability to construct a strong factual record and to protect legal options. An initial consultation provides clarity about next steps, whether pursuing negotiation or litigation is likely, and how to prioritize immediate needs such as medical expenses or funeral arrangements. Timely legal support reduces uncertainty and allows families to focus on recovery while legal matters are managed proactively on their behalf.
