If you purchased a new vehicle in or near Denair, California and it developed persistent defects, this page explains how California’s lemon law may protect you. Law Republic APC handles claims on behalf of drivers across Stanislaus County, and this guide walks through the key legal concepts, typical timelines, and what to expect when pursuing a remedy. We focus on practical steps you can take in Denair, including documenting problems, dealing with dealers and manufacturers, and understanding statutory rights under state law so you can make informed decisions about your vehicle and your next steps.
Many consumers are unaware of the remedies available when a new vehicle fails to meet reasonable expectations due to recurring defects. This guide describes common issues that give rise to a lemon law claim in Denair, the types of relief available, and how claims are typically resolved. We emphasize clear communication and methodical documentation of repairs, mileage, and warranty interactions. If a vehicle cannot be repaired within a reasonable number of attempts or is out of service for a prolonged time, California law may require refund, replacement, or other remedies that preserve your rights as a buyer.
Pursuing a lemon law claim can restore financial fairness for Denair drivers who purchased defective new vehicles by seeking refunds, replacements, or buybacks when manufacturers fail to repair serious defects. A successful claim can recover purchase price, incidental costs, and sometimes reimbursement for repairs and towing, reducing the financial burden caused by an unreliable vehicle. Beyond individual compensation, filing a claim encourages manufacturers to address recurring defects and improves safety for the wider community. Consulting about your situation helps clarify options and timelines so you can determine whether a formal lemon law action is appropriate.
Law Republic APC represents clients throughout California, including Denair and Stanislaus County, in vehicle defect and lemon law matters. Our approach centers on careful review of warranty and repair histories, communication with manufacturers, and thorough preparation for settlement negotiations or litigation when necessary. We prioritize clear guidance to clients about the evidence needed to support a claim and what outcomes are realistic given the facts. Communication is local and responsive, with a focus on helping vehicle owners pursue remedies while minimizing stress and uncertainty during the process.
California’s lemon law protects consumers who purchase or lease new vehicles that have significant defects covered by the manufacturer’s warranty that substantially impair use, value, or safety. To pursue a claim from Denair, it is important to document every repair visit, the nature of the defect, and all communications with the dealer or manufacturer. The law typically looks for repeated repair attempts or an extended period when the vehicle was out of service. This section explains how those factors are evaluated and what evidence most often strengthens a claim for refund or replacement.
Not every mechanical problem qualifies as a lemon law case, but recurring issues that remain unresolved despite warranty repairs are central to many successful claims. Time and mileage limits apply, and manufacturers often have repair policies or informal programs that can affect the route to relief. Consumers in Denair should keep clear records of service orders, repair dates, and mileage at each visit. These records form the backbone of a strong claim and help establish the severity and persistence of the defect when negotiating with a manufacturer or presenting the case in a claim process.
The lemon law provides remedies when a new vehicle has a defect covered by warranty that cannot be fixed after a reasonable number of attempts or after being out of service for an extended timeframe. For Denair purchasers, this typically involves showing that the dealer or manufacturer had multiple opportunities to repair the defect and that the problem continues to substantially impair the vehicle’s use, value, or safety. Consumers may be entitled to a refund, replacement, or buyback adjusted for use. Clear records of service visits, diagnostic findings, and warranty coverage are essential to proving the nature and extent of the defect.
A successful lemon law claim commonly includes documentation of the defect, repair history, communications with the dealer and manufacturer, and proof that the defect substantially impairs the vehicle. The process involves collecting repair orders, correspondence, and warranty documents, then presenting this information to the manufacturer or negotiating through counsel. If voluntary resolution fails, claims can be pursued through state processes or litigation where appropriate. Each step involves deadlines and procedural requirements, so timely action and organized records are necessary to preserve consumer rights under California law.
Understanding key terminology helps Denair vehicle owners navigate the lemon law process. Terms like warranty period, repair order, substantial impairment, buyback, and reasonable number of repair attempts frequently appear in claims and legal documents. Becoming familiar with these terms makes it easier to track case progress and communicate effectively with dealers, manufacturers, and counsel. This glossary explains common phrases you will encounter and how they affect the determination of whether a vehicle qualifies as a lemon under California law, helping you recognize what evidence matters most.
Warranty period refers to the duration during which the manufacturer promises to repair covered defects at no cost. For new vehicles in Denair, this period is critical because defects must arise and be addressed while warranty coverage remains in effect in most lemon law claims. Documentation of purchase date, warranty start, and mileage at the time of reported defects helps establish whether repairs and failures occurred within the covered timeframe. Clear warranty records and service receipts are necessary to show that the manufacturer had responsibility for fixing the problem under the warranty.
Substantial impairment describes a defect that significantly affects the vehicle’s use, safety, or market value. In Denair claims, examples include recurring engine failure, severe electrical problems that affect drivability, or brake issues that compromise safety. The term distinguishes minor inconveniences from defects that justify lemon law remedies like buybacks or replacement vehicles. Showing how a defect impacts daily use, safety, or resale value often requires repair records, expert inspection reports, and testimony about the defect’s practical effects on vehicle performance.
A repair order is the service document created by a dealer or repair shop that lists problems reported, diagnostics performed, repairs completed, parts used, and the mileage at the time of service. For Denair vehicle owners pursuing lemon law claims, repair orders are vital evidence because they show attempts to diagnose and fix defects. Keeping copies of every repair order, service invoice, and work authorization helps build a chronological history that supports a claim that the manufacturer had repeated opportunities to correct the problem but failed to do so.
A buyback or refund is a remedy in which the manufacturer repurchases the defective vehicle or provides a refund adjusted for use. For Denair consumers, a buyback typically includes reimbursement of the purchase price minus a usage offset, reimbursement of registration and certain incidental expenses, and possibly reimbursement for repair costs. The goal of this remedy is to restore the consumer to a position similar to before the purchase when the vehicle cannot be reliably repaired to meet warranty standards and reasonable consumer expectations.
Consumers in Denair may face choices between informal manufacturer goodwill programs, limited repair negotiations, or pursuing a full lemon law claim with legal representation. Informal programs can be faster but may offer limited relief, while a formal claim seeks statutory remedies like buybacks or replacement vehicles and may include reimbursement for certain costs. The appropriate route depends on the severity and persistence of the defect, warranty status, and available documentation. Evaluating the options involves weighing expected outcomes, timeframes, and the manufacturer’s willingness to resolve issues voluntarily.
If a new vehicle’s issue is minor, quickly repaired, and does not recur, pursuing an informal resolution with the dealer may be appropriate for Denair owners. Situations where a single repair visit corrects a minor defect and no further symptoms appear often do not justify a full lemon law claim. In such cases, maintaining documentation of the repair and warranty coverage is still important in case problems reappear. A limited approach can preserve time and expense while still protecting rights if the defect returns and additional action becomes necessary.
When a manufacturer promptly offers a fair remedy such as reimbursement for repairs or a replacement vehicle soon after notification, Denair consumers may choose to accept that resolution instead of initiating a formal claim. Early voluntary remediation that fully addresses the consumer’s losses can be effective if it covers necessary expenses and restores confidence in the vehicle. It remains important to obtain any agreement in writing, verify the terms, and ensure all costs and adjustments are clearly documented to avoid future disputes.
A comprehensive legal approach becomes necessary when a new vehicle undergoes repeated repairs for the same defect without achieving a lasting fix, leaving the consumer facing ongoing safety or reliability concerns. In Denair, homeowners who experience multiple repair visits, persistent drivability issues, or defects that recreate safety hazards should consider a formal claim. Accumulated repair orders, detailed service records, and clear documentation of the defect’s impact are essential to building a case for statutory remedies under California law.
If your vehicle spends extended time out of service or a manufacturer refuses to honor warranty obligations, a formal legal claim may be the path to resolution for Denair residents. Extended downtime can demonstrate the severity and ongoing nature of a defect and justify remedies like buyback or replacement. When dealers or manufacturers are uncooperative, legal advocacy can ensure documentation is properly preserved and formal demands are made under California law to secure appropriate remedies and reimbursement for related costs.
A comprehensive approach seeks statutory remedies that can make a Denair consumer whole after purchasing a defective new vehicle, including refunds, replacement vehicles, or buybacks with appropriate offsets. This route also seeks reimbursement for certain incidental costs like towing and repair expenses that the warranty should have covered. Pursuing a formal remedy can discourage future issues for other consumers by holding manufacturers accountable and may provide faster, clearer resolution when informal attempts have failed or produced unsatisfactory outcomes.
Beyond financial recovery, a full claim can address safety concerns and restore confidence for Denair drivers who rely on their vehicles daily. Formal claims create a documented record of persistent defects, which strengthens the position for appropriate remedies and helps prevent recurring problems. Legal proceedings also create incentives for manufacturers to take recurring issues seriously. When the defect affects safety or substantially reduces vehicle value, a comprehensive approach ensures that all available statutory options are explored on the consumer’s behalf.
A primary benefit of a comprehensive claim is recovering the purchase price or obtaining a suitable replacement when the vehicle cannot be reliably repaired. Denair consumers may recover the amount paid for the vehicle minus a reasonable usage offset, along with reimbursement for fees, taxes, and certain out-of-pocket costs. These financial remedies alleviate the burden of owning a defective vehicle and help restore the consumer’s position prior to purchase. Clear documentation of payments, financing, and repair expenses supports accurate calculations during resolution.
Pursuing statutory remedies addresses not only financial loss but also safety concerns arising from persistent defects. For Denair drivers, obtaining a replacement or a buyback can remove an unsafe vehicle from the road and reduce risk for the owner and others. Formal claims also help enforce manufacturer accountability, which benefits the wider community by encouraging better product reliability. When safety defects persist, a comprehensive approach helps ensure the problem receives the attention needed to protect both the individual consumer and the public.
Keeping a complete paper trail is one of the most effective things a Denair vehicle owner can do when facing a defect. Save every repair order, invoice, and communication with the dealer or manufacturer, including dates, mileage, and the nature of the problems reported. Detailed records make it significantly easier to establish a pattern of recurring defects and support claims for refunds or replacements under California law. Organized records also help clarify timelines and demonstrate that the manufacturer had multiple opportunities to correct the problem.
If a dealer or manufacturer offers a resolution such as a repair plan, reimbursement, or replacement, request written confirmation that details the terms and timeline. Oral promises can be difficult to enforce, so written agreements protect Denair consumers and reduce the chance of future misunderstandings. Documentation of any proposed settlement or goodwill offer ensures clarity on the obligations of the manufacturer or dealer and provides evidence if the resolution is not honored, allowing you to pursue formal remedies if necessary.
If your new vehicle repeatedly fails to perform as expected despite warranty repairs, a lemon law claim can help recover financial losses and obtain a reliable vehicle replacement where appropriate. Denair residents should consider this route when defects substantially impair use, safety, or value, or when the vehicle spends a considerable amount of time in repair shops. Pursuing a claim ensures that manufacturers are held accountable for warranty obligations and helps consumers obtain remedies that address the inconvenience and expense caused by persistent mechanical or safety defects.
Another important reason to pursue a formal claim is to document and correct systemic problems that might affect other consumers in Stanislaus County. When manufacturers address recurring defects through formal remedies, it helps prevent the same issues from affecting additional buyers. Taking action also provides a path to reimbursement for repair costs and incidental expenses, restoring confidence and financial protection for the vehicle owner. Thoughtful documentation, timely notice, and clear communication are key steps to initiating this process effectively.
Typical circumstances that give rise to lemon law claims include repeated engine or transmission failures, persistent electrical or safety system malfunctions, and defects that significantly reduce a vehicle’s value or usability. For Denair owners, conditions that necessitate frequent repairs or prolonged out-of-service periods often trigger consideration of a formal claim. Problems that pose safety risks or repeatedly reappear after repair attempts are particularly relevant. Keeping detailed service records and documenting the operational impact of the defect supports the case for statutory remedies.
Recurring mechanical failures such as repeated engine stalling, transmission slipping, or persistent drivetrain issues commonly lead consumers to pursue lemon law remedies. When these failures continue after multiple repair attempts, they can render a vehicle unreliable and unsafe for routine use. Denair owners who face recurring mechanical problems should collect repair orders, note when issues began, and track any safety implications. These materials form the basis for demonstrating that the manufacturer had opportunities to repair the defect but did not achieve a lasting resolution.
Defects in critical electrical or safety systems, including malfunctioning airbags, braking systems, or steering components, are serious and often justify formal action. Persistent or intermittent failures that affect safety are particularly concerning for Denair drivers, and they warrant immediate documentation and reporting to the dealer. Repair orders recording diagnostics and attempted fixes, combined with records of any related incidents, help build a strong case and demonstrate the need for statutory remedies when warranty-covered repairs do not resolve the issue.
Vehicles that spend excessive time in the shop for warranty-covered repairs can meet the threshold for lemon law claims under California law. Prolonged out-of-service periods disrupt daily life and indicate that the defect has not been adequately addressed. Denair residents should track the number of days the vehicle is unavailable after each repair visit and retain service records documenting the duration of each repair. These timelines often play a key role in determining whether statutory remedies like buyback or replacement apply.
Law Republic APC is available to review your situation if you live in Denair or elsewhere in Stanislaus County and believe your new vehicle is defective. We offer an initial review of repair histories, warranty coverage, and communications with the dealer or manufacturer so you understand possible remedies. Our goal is to provide clear advice about how the lemon law applies to your situation and the documentation needed to pursue a claim efficiently, helping you determine the best path forward while protecting your consumer rights under California law.
Clients in Denair choose Law Republic APC because we focus on organized case preparation, timely communication, and pragmatic resolution strategies for defective vehicle claims. We help gather and review service records, draft formal demands, and negotiate with manufacturers to pursue refunds or replacements when warranted. Our goal is to secure fair remedies while minimizing the stress associated with complex warranty disputes, offering clear explanations of options and likely outcomes so consumers can make informed decisions about their next steps.
We prioritize transparency about potential timelines and outcomes so Denair consumers understand what to expect when pursuing a claim. From initial documentation review to settlement discussions or formal claims, we provide consistent updates and guidance tailored to the specifics of your vehicle and repair history. This practical approach helps clients assess whether informal resolutions are adequate or whether statutory remedies should be sought to achieve full recovery for purchase price and related expenses under California law.
Our communication-focused process emphasizes preserving detailed evidence and making well-supported demands to manufacturers, which improves prospects for favorable outcomes. For Denair vehicle owners who have experienced repeated failures or prolonged downtime, pursuing formal remedies can provide meaningful relief. We help ensure that claims are presented professionally, with complete documentation, and with clear expectations for resolution, allowing clients to move forward with confidence whether through negotiated settlements or formal processes.
The process begins with a detailed intake to collect purchase documents, warranty information, repair orders, and a chronology of the defect. We analyze whether the facts indicate a likely lemon law claim and outline possible remedies and timelines. For Denair clients, this review helps determine whether negotiation with the manufacturer is likely to succeed or whether escalation to a formal claim is necessary. Throughout, we emphasize practical next steps, documentation needs, and strategies for achieving a timely and fair resolution.
The first formal step is to gather and review all relevant documentation, including purchase contracts, warranties, repair orders, and correspondence with the dealer or manufacturer. This evidence allows us to evaluate whether the defect occurred within the warranty period, how many repair attempts were made, and whether the problem substantially impairs vehicle use or safety. For Denair consumers, precise documentation of mileage, repair dates, and descriptions of defects is essential to determining whether the lemon law applies and what remedies may be available.
Collecting repair records and warranty documents provides the factual foundation for a claim. Each service invoice should include dates, mileage, and the nature of repairs performed. These records show the frequency and persistence of a defect and whether repairs occurred under warranty. Denair vehicle owners should order copies of any missing service records from dealers and retain originals of receipts. Organized records streamline the evaluation process and support clear, evidence-based communication with the manufacturer when seeking a remedy.
In addition to repair orders, documenting how the defect affects daily use, safety, and vehicle value strengthens a claim. Keep notes about when symptoms occur, any safety incidents, and the degree to which the defect limits normal operation. Photographs, videos, and written descriptions from the vehicle owner can supplement service records and help convey the practical consequences of the problem to a manufacturer or decision maker. For Denair owners, comprehensive documentation provides a fuller picture of the defect’s severity and persistence.
After evaluating the file, the next step is to prepare a formal demand that outlines the repair history, statutory basis for relief, and the requested remedy. This demand communicates to the manufacturer that the consumer seeks resolution under California’s lemon law and provides an opportunity for negotiation. For Denair clients, the goal is often to reach a settlement that secures a refund, replacement, or buyback with appropriate adjustments without resorting to litigation, though formal claims remain an option if voluntary resolution is not achieved.
A demand packet typically includes a summary of repairs, copies of invoices and warranty documents, mileage logs, and a statement of requested relief. Presenting a complete and organized packet helps manufacturers assess the claim and often speeds negotiations toward resolution. Denair consumers benefit from presenting clear evidence that the defect is persistent and warranty-covered, making it easier for a manufacturer to evaluate settlement options such as buyback or replacement with appropriate financial adjustments.
Negotiation focuses on achieving an outcome that compensates the consumer fairly while resolving the dispute efficiently. This can include buyback calculations, reimbursement for repair expenses and towing, and adjustments for mileage and use. For Denair clients, careful review of settlement terms ensures that all relevant costs are addressed and that the consumer’s interests are protected. If negotiations stall, the demand packet and documented evidence support next steps through formal claims or alternative dispute resolution processes.
If negotiation does not yield an acceptable result, formal claims or litigation may be necessary to secure statutory remedies. This can include filing a complaint or initiating an arbitration or administrative proceeding, depending on the circumstances and any contractual requirements. For Denair residents, pursuing a formal claim involves presenting the documented repair history and demonstrating that the defect substantially impairs the vehicle under California law, with the goal of obtaining a buyback, replacement, or other appropriate relief.
Filing a formal complaint or initiating arbitration triggers a structured process in which evidence is exchanged and both sides present their positions. The documented repair history and warranty records become central to demonstrating the existence and persistence of the defect. For Denair consumers, this step is taken when negotiation has failed and a clear legal record is necessary to pursue statutory remedies. Preparing a well-documented case increases the likelihood of a favorable resolution through these formal channels.
When a claim results in a settlement or award, implementing the remedy typically involves calculating refunds, buyback amounts, or replacement terms and ensuring that reimbursements and documentation are processed correctly. Denair consumers should receive written confirmation of the agreed remedy and any required steps to finalize the transaction. Enforcement mechanisms exist if manufacturers fail to comply, and preserving records of the resolution protects the consumer’s interests and ensures a complete and enforceable outcome under California law.
California law typically treats a new vehicle as a lemon when a defect covered by the manufacturer’s warranty substantially impairs the vehicle’s use, safety, or value and the defect persists after a reasonable number of repair attempts. For Denair consumers, this often means multiple repair visits for the same issue or extended periods when the vehicle is out of service. Documentation that the defect is warranty-covered and that the manufacturer had opportunities to fix the problem is central to demonstrating that the vehicle meets the statutory criteria for relief. Determining whether a vehicle qualifies as a lemon involves reviewing repair histories, warranty terms, and the defect’s impact on the vehicle. Consumers should keep all service records and communications with the dealer or manufacturer, as these documents show the timeline and frequency of repair efforts. When defects affect safety or significantly reduce vehicle value, pursuing statutory remedies such as buyback or replacement becomes more likely if adequate evidence supports the claim.
Statutes of limitation and warranty periods influence how long you have to bring a lemon law claim, and those timeframes can vary based on the specifics of the purchase and warranty. For Denair consumers, it is important to act promptly and seek a review of repair records to determine whether the issue arose within the applicable warranty period and whether the statute of limitations could affect a claim. Delays in asserting rights can complicate recovery, so early documentation and assessment are advisable. Practical timelines also depend on how quickly repair attempts were made and whether problems persist. Even if a defect emerges later in the warranty period, having complete records of repair attempts and communications helps preserve rights. Consulting about your individual situation clarifies applicable deadlines and the best steps to protect your ability to pursue remedies under California law.
Essential evidence for a lemon law claim includes repair orders, invoices, warranty documents, purchase contracts, and any written communications with the dealer or manufacturer. For Denair vehicle owners, it is important to preserve every service receipt showing dates, mileage, and the nature of repairs performed. These records create a chronological account that demonstrates repeated repair attempts and whether the defect persisted despite warranty-covered repairs. Supplemental materials such as photographs, videos of symptoms, and notes describing how the defect affects use or safety also strengthen a case. Keeping a detailed calendar of repair visits and any correspondence with the manufacturer supports the claim by showing patterns of failure, the extent of downtime, and the practical effects of the defect on the owner’s daily life and vehicle value.
Yes, California’s lemon law allows for remedies including refunds or replacement vehicles when a new vehicle is found to be a lemon under the law. For Denair owners, the specific remedy depends on factors such as the severity of the defect, repair history, and warranty coverage. Refunds may be adjusted for mileage and use, while replacements aim to provide a comparable vehicle if available. Accurate documentation and a clear presentation of the repair history increase the likelihood of securing an appropriate remedy. Manufacturers sometimes offer voluntary buybacks or replacements during negotiation, which can result in a fair resolution without formal proceedings. When voluntary resolution is not achieved, filing a claim and pursuing statutory remedies can secure a more complete outcome, including reimbursement for certain incidental expenses tied to the defective vehicle and warranty failures.
Mileage is a relevant factor in calculating buyback amounts because refunds or buybacks are often adjusted by a reasonable usage offset that reflects the vehicle’s time on the road. For Denair consumers, this means that the amount recovered may be reduced by an amount that accounts for the miles driven before the defect was fully recognized. However, mileage does not automatically prevent a claim; rather, it influences the financial calculation of remedies when the vehicle qualifies as a lemon. The key elements remain whether the defect is warranty-covered, persistent, and substantially impairing. Keeping records of mileage at each repair visit helps document the timeline and supports accurate offset calculations. Proper documentation ensures that any buyback or refund reflects fair adjustments for use while still providing meaningful relief for the consumer.
Not all lemon law disputes require court proceedings. Many claims are resolved through negotiation or settlement once the manufacturer receives a complete demand packet and supporting documentation. For Denair residents, effective negotiation often leads to voluntary remedies such as buybacks, replacements, or reimbursement for covered expenses, avoiding protracted litigation. Thorough documentation and clear presentation of the claim frequently encourage manufacturers to resolve issues without formal court involvement. If negotiation fails, initiating a formal claim or filing a complaint may be necessary to secure statutory remedies. Formal processes may include arbitration or litigation depending on the case specifics and any contract terms. When formal action is required, documented repair histories and clear evidence of persistent defects are critical to achieving a favorable outcome.
Common defects leading to lemon law cases include repeated engine or transmission failures, electrical system malfunctions, and persistent brake or steering problems that affect safety and drivability. For Denair consumers, defects that recur after multiple repair attempts or that lead to significant downtime are frequent reasons for pursuing a claim. Safety-related defects are particularly serious and often escalate to formal claims because they threaten driver and passenger well-being. Recurring, intermittent, or progressively worsening issues are typically the most concerning. Documenting how these defects impact daily use and safety, combined with repair records showing repeated attempts to fix the problem, strengthens the case for statutory remedies such as buyback or replacement under California law.
Repair costs that were not covered by warranty may be recoverable as part of a lemon law settlement or buyback, depending on the circumstances and the specifics of the settlement. For Denair vehicle owners, keeping receipts for out-of-pocket expenses such as towing, rental car fees, or repairs that the manufacturer should have covered helps support a claim for reimbursement. Clear documentation of these expenses helps ensure they are considered during negotiations or formal proceedings. Manufacturers may also reimburse incidental costs when a buyback or refund is ordered, provided those costs are reasonable and documented. Presenting a detailed account of incurred expenses alongside the repair history strengthens the consumer’s position when seeking full compensation for losses related to the defective vehicle.
The timeline for resolving a lemon law claim varies significantly depending on whether the manufacturer cooperates and whether the matter is settled or proceeds to formal action. Many cases that are resolved through negotiation can conclude in a matter of weeks or months once a complete demand packet is submitted. For Denair clients, an organized presentation of records and a prompt response from the manufacturer can speed the process toward a buyback or replacement. When formal proceedings are required, resolution may take longer due to discovery, hearings, or arbitration schedules. Preparing a thorough case early and maintaining open communication often reduces delays. The practical timeline depends on case complexity, the manufacturer’s response, and whether the parties agree to mediation or pursue other dispute resolution paths.
In many lemon law cases, statutes allow for the recovery of attorneys’ fees and costs if the consumer prevails, which can reduce the financial burden of pursuing a claim. For Denair residents, this means that if a settlement or award provides statutory remedies, reasonable fees and costs associated with bringing the claim may be covered under applicable laws. Each case depends on the statutes and the specific terms of any settlement or order, so outcomes can vary. When fees are recoverable, it helps ensure access to legal remedies without undue financial risk for the consumer. Clear documentation of expenses, detailed presentation of the claim, and realistic expectations about outcomes help position cases for favorable consideration of fee recovery as part of any resolution.
