If you purchased a used vehicle in or near Esparto, California and it has persistent mechanical problems, you may be uncertain about your legal options. Law Republic APC represents clients in lemon law and defective used vehicle matters across Yolo County and can review whether your situation qualifies for a claim. We evaluate repair records, manufacturer or dealer communications, and the vehicle’s service history to determine the best path forward. Our goal is to help you understand potential remedies, including buybacks, replacements, or repairs, while explaining the timelines and documentation that strengthen a case under California law.
Many drivers in Esparto face frustration when a recently purchased used car spends more time in the shop than on the road. Defects that substantially impair safety, value, or use may give rise to legal remedies even when a vehicle was sold as used. We assist clients by collecting repair invoices, inspection reports, and correspondence with sellers to build a clear record. Whether you bought the vehicle from a dealer, private party, or through a financing arrangement, understanding warranties, implied promises, and statutory protections under California law can make a meaningful difference in resolving the dispute.
Pursuing a claim for a defective used vehicle protects your safety, financial investment, and consumer rights in Esparto. Resolving a defective vehicle dispute can provide practical outcomes like a refund, vehicle replacement, deducted repairs, or a negotiated settlement that covers repair costs and diminished value. A focused legal review helps clarify whether the vehicle’s problems meet the legal thresholds in California and whether dealer or manufacturer responsibilities apply. Early evaluation can preserve evidence, meet statutory deadlines, and avoid escalating repair expenses. Taking action also prevents recurring breakdowns that could endanger drivers and passengers on local roads.
Law Republic APC handles personal injury, real estate, and lemon law matters for clients throughout California, including Esparto and Yolo County. Our team focuses on evaluating vehicle histories, warranty terms, and repair documentation to determine potential remedies for buyers of defective used vehicles. We prioritize clear communication, thorough documentation review, and practical negotiation with dealers and manufacturers. Clients receive direct attention to their case concerns, practical advice on preserving evidence, and guidance on the realistic outcomes available under California statutes and common legal principles governing vehicle sales and warranties.
California law provides protections for vehicle buyers that can apply to both new vehicles and certain used vehicles depending on warranty coverage and repair history. Understanding which statutes and warranties apply requires reviewing the purchase contract, express warranties, and any manufacturer or dealer repair logs. Some used vehicles are still covered by manufacturer warranties or dealer-assigned guarantees, and repeated failures of a significant system may qualify as a legal basis for remedy. Our work begins with a careful review of your paperwork and repair history to determine whether statutory or contractual remedies are available in your specific case.
A common misconception is that used vehicle purchases always leave buyers without recourse. In reality, many factors influence whether a claim can proceed, including whether the vehicle was sold with a remaining factory warranty, an express dealer warranty, or with deceptive disclosures. Documents like repair orders, certified inspection reports, and communication records with the seller can show patterns of unresolved defects. We explain how California law treats substantial impairment to safety, use, or value and how repeated unsuccessful repairs can form the basis for a claim seeking repair, replacement, or refund.
A defective used vehicle generally means a car that has persistent problems that substantially impair its safety, value, or use and that cannot be fixed after a reasonable number of attempts. While not every mechanical failure qualifies, frequent breakdowns or failures in critical systems like brakes, engine, or transmission warrant close scrutiny. The legal analysis also considers whether the seller knew of the defects or whether promises were made at sale that were later broken. Documented repair attempts and technician diagnoses strengthen a claim by showing that the underlying problem was addressed repeatedly without resolution.
Building a viable claim involves gathering repair records, the original sales contract, warranty information, inspection reports, and correspondence with the seller or repair facilities. A clear timeline of attempts to repair the defect and any safety incidents related to the defect is important. The process often includes requesting documented repair histories, seeking independent inspections when necessary, and negotiating with the seller or manufacturer for resolution. If informal negotiations fail, claims may proceed through statutory notices, administrative procedures, or civil litigation depending on the facts and the remedies sought.
Understanding the terms commonly used in defective vehicle claims helps shoppers and claimants communicate clearly and preserve their rights. Terms like warranty, implied warranty of merchantability, repair order, buyback, and diminished value appear frequently in documentation and legal discussion. Recognizing what each term means in the context of California law can reduce confusion and help owners accurately report and record problems. We provide plain-language definitions of common terms to help you determine whether your situation aligns with statutory protections and how those protections might apply to a used vehicle purchased in Esparto.
A warranty is an assurance from the seller or manufacturer about a vehicle’s condition or performance. Implied warranties, such as the implied warranty of merchantability, mean that a vehicle should be fit for ordinary use unless disclaimed properly. Even in used car sales, some implied protections can apply unless the contract explicitly disclaims them in conformity with law. Express warranties are written or spoken promises about the vehicle’s condition. Understanding whether these warranties apply to a particular used vehicle is essential when assessing legal options and potential remedies under California consumer protection laws.
A repair order is a document produced by a service facility that records diagnostics, repairs performed, parts replaced, and technician notes regarding vehicle problems. Service history compiles these records and can reveal patterns of repeated failures or persistent issues. These documents are often central to proving that a defect existed and that repair attempts did not resolve it. When pursuing a claim, collecting repair orders from every visit, including any warranty or recall repairs, can demonstrate that the defect was recurring and significant enough to impair use, safety, or value.
Remedies for a defective vehicle can include a buyback by the seller or manufacturer, which means a refund of the purchase price minus a reasonable allowance for use, a replacement vehicle, or a cash settlement to cover repairs and diminished value. The specific remedy depends on the case facts, warranty coverage, and statutory protections that may apply. Negotiated settlements are common, but if the seller or manufacturer refuses reasonable redress, statutory procedures or civil claims may be pursued to obtain these outcomes depending on the available evidence.
Timely notice to the seller or manufacturer and awareness of applicable deadlines are important for preserving legal rights. California law sets time limits for bringing claims, and certain remedies require giving formal notice or following administrative steps before filing suit. Keeping prompt records and notifying the seller of ongoing defects can strengthen your position. If notice requirements or deadlines are missed, some remedies may be limited or unavailable. A careful review of the purchase documents and applicable statutes is necessary to determine the correct timelines for action.
When addressing a defective used vehicle, some owners pursue limited remedies like paying for a single repair or negotiating a partial refund, while others seek comprehensive resolution that may include buybacks or formal claims. A limited approach can be quicker and less costly in small disputes, but it may leave ongoing risk if the defect persists. A comprehensive approach involves gathering documentation, pursuing stronger remedies, and potentially initiating statutory procedures to obtain a full refund or replacement. Evaluating which path makes sense depends on the defect’s severity, repair history, and the buyer’s tolerance for ongoing problems and costs.
A limited approach may be appropriate when the defect is minor, clearly documented, and covered in full by an existing warranty or dealer promise that results in a straightforward repair. If the repair history shows a single isolated issue that was corrected and no repeated failures occurred, negotiating a single repair or reimbursement often resolves the matter efficiently. In these circumstances, the costs of pursuing a formal claim may outweigh potential benefits. However, it remains important to document the issue, obtain receipts, and confirm the warranty terms so that future recurrence can be addressed if it arises.
When repair expenses are modest compared to the remaining value of the vehicle and the defect does not affect safety or substantially reduce use, accepting a repair and moving forward may be sensible. Owners who prefer to keep their vehicle and who do not face ongoing reliability concerns sometimes opt for repair and vendor negotiation for reimbursement. This option is often chosen when the vehicle has been reliable overall and when comprehensive remedies would be disproportionately time consuming or costly relative to the likely recovery.
A comprehensive approach should be considered when the same serious defect recurs despite multiple repair attempts, especially if the problem affects safety or substantially impairs the vehicle’s use. Repeated repair orders showing the same unresolved issue can meet the legal threshold for stronger remedies in California. In such cases, compiling a complete repair history, independent inspections, and communications with the seller or manufacturer becomes essential to support claims for buyback, replacement, or financial compensation for diminished value and out-of-pocket costs.
When defects involve safety systems such as brakes, steering, airbags, or major powertrain components, or when the vehicle’s market value has materially declined due to persistent problems, a comprehensive claim is often warranted. Safety-related defects present immediate risks to occupants and other road users, making prompt, thorough action important. Comprehensive claims seek to ensure that buyers are not left carrying the financial and safety consequences of serious defects and aim to secure remedies that reflect the full impact of the vehicle’s condition.
A comprehensive approach increases the likelihood of recovering meaningful relief, which can include buybacks, replacements, or compensation for repairs and diminished value. It emphasizes documenting repeated defects, preserving repair orders, and seeking independent inspections when necessary. This method can prevent future encounters with the same problems and can secure a resolution that reflects the full extent of the vehicle’s defects. For many owners, pursuing a comprehensive strategy avoids ongoing repair costs and restores confidence in the vehicle’s safety and reliability.
Comprehensive handling also helps protect consumer rights by ensuring all legal avenues are considered and that communications with dealers or manufacturers are handled strategically. It often leads to stronger negotiation positions and can result in settlements that cover incidental costs such as towing, rental vehicles, and diminished value. By assembling a detailed record of the defect and repair attempts, owners preserve options for formal remedies under California law rather than accepting incomplete or temporary fixes that leave unresolved risk.
A major benefit of a comprehensive approach is the assembly of strong evidence prior to negotiations. Clear timelines, complete repair invoices, independent inspection reports, and written communications establish credibility and support the owner’s position. With documented patterns of failure, negotiations with sellers and manufacturers are more likely to yield favorable outcomes, such as buybacks or full repairs paid by the responsible party. This thorough preparation reduces the chance of protracted disputes and increases the possibility of a fair and complete resolution that addresses both repairs and financial losses.
Taking a comprehensive path preserves statutory and contractual remedies that may be lost if defects are not properly documented or if deadlines are missed. Proper notice, careful record keeping, and timely steps to address unresolved defects protect options for recovery under California law. This approach also helps determine whether administrative steps or civil claims are necessary and feasible, and it can prevent inadvertent waiver of rights. For buyers in Esparto, a comprehensive strategy ensures that decisions are informed and that avenues for meaningful relief remain available.
Keep every repair invoice, diagnostic report, and written communication with the dealer or manufacturer. These records create a timeline that shows repeated attempts to fix the defect and can be decisive evidence of persistent problems. Written records also help establish whether the seller complied with warranty obligations or whether repair attempts were incomplete. Photograph any warning lights, damaged components, or other visible issues, and note dates of failures or safety incidents. Organizing these materials early simplifies later review and supports stronger negotiations or formal claims.
Take timely action by notifying the seller of ongoing defects and by tracking applicable deadlines under warranty terms and California statutes. Prompt notice and preservation of records are essential to maintaining legal remedies and to building a persuasive case. Delays can jeopardize claims or make it more difficult to establish patterns of failure. If discussions with the seller do not lead to satisfactory outcomes within a reasonable time, consider pursuing formal remedies promptly to avoid missing statutory time limits or other procedural requirements.
Residents in Esparto who experience repeated vehicle failures or safety defects should consider a legal review to assess potential remedies. A review clarifies whether the vehicle’s problems meet thresholds for buyback, replacement, or monetary recovery under California law. Many buyers lack the time or legal knowledge to fully evaluate warranty terms or repair histories, and a review can reveal rights that are otherwise overlooked. Early assessment ensures that documentation is preserved and that timely steps are taken to protect options for recovery while reducing the risk of ongoing repair expenses and unexpected breakdowns.
In addition to potential financial recovery, pursuing legal options can eliminate ongoing safety concerns and restore confidence in transportation. Buyers who accept temporary fixes without addressing the root cause may face repeated costs and continued risk. A formal review also helps determine whether negotiation, administrative procedures, or litigation is most appropriate for the facts at hand. Understanding the probable outcomes and the process helps vehicle owners make informed decisions about whether to seek compensation, a buyback, or another remedy for their defective used vehicle.
Typical circumstances include repeated failures of major systems such as the engine, transmission, brakes, or electrical components despite multiple repair attempts, safety recalls that were not adequately addressed, and undisclosed prior accidents that compromised vehicle integrity. Buyers also encounter issues when dealer promises about condition or warranty coverage prove inaccurate or misleading. When these scenarios occur, gathering repair orders and communications, documenting the timeline, and considering independent inspections are important steps to determine whether legal remedies are available under California law.
When a vehicle experiences recurring engine or transmission problems that persist after several repair attempts, owners face ongoing safety risks and reliability concerns. Documented repair records showing the same underlying malfunction support claims that the defect substantially impairs the vehicle’s use and value. These failures often require costly repairs and can render the vehicle unreliable for daily use. Collecting all service invoices, technician notes, and communications with the seller or dealer is essential to establish the pattern required for stronger remedies under California consumer protections.
Electrical problems, warning lights that remain illuminated after repairs, and airbag system faults create serious safety concerns and typically warrant thorough investigation. If repeated diagnostics and repairs fail to fix these issues, the defects can justify pursuing significant remedies. Safety-related defects increase the urgency of preserving evidence and seeking repairs or other remedies. An independent inspection may be necessary to corroborate the problem and to help determine whether the issue has been adequately addressed by the seller or remains a recurring defect that impairs vehicle safety and value.
Discovering undisclosed structural damage or discrepancies between the stated and actual mileage can dramatically reduce a vehicle’s value and reliability. When a seller fails to disclose prior accidents, frame damage, or rolled-back mileage, buyers may have claims for misrepresentation or statutory remedies. Collecting vehicle history reports, repair invoices from prior incidents, and any pre-sale inspection reports can help substantiate these issues. Timely action and documentation are important to pursue remedies, including potential rescission of the sale or compensation for diminished value.
If your used vehicle in Esparto is experiencing persistent defects, Law Republic APC can review your situation, advise on likely remedies, and help gather the documentation needed to pursue resolution. We provide straightforward guidance on warranty interpretation, repair history evaluation, and the options that may be available to you under California law. Our approach emphasizes practical next steps to preserve your rights and to seek the most appropriate remedy, whether that involves negotiation with the seller, administrative procedures, or civil claims to recover repair costs and diminished value.
Law Republic APC handles lemon law and related vehicle defect matters for clients across California, including Esparto and Yolo County. We focus on careful document review, clear communication, and practical strategies to pursue remedies such as buybacks, replacements, or financial compensation. Our team assists with assembling repair histories, requesting independent inspections, and guiding clients through statutory notice requirements when necessary. We aim to help clients understand realistic outcomes and timelines while pursuing an effective resolution to remove the burden of recurring vehicle problems.
When approaching a defective vehicle dispute, many clients benefit from objective legal assessment to determine whether the facts support formal remedies under California law. We help clients evaluate warranty coverage, statutory protections, and the strengths and risks of negotiation versus formal claims. This includes advising on the documentation that will be most persuasive to sellers and manufacturers and representing client interests in settlement discussions. Our goal is to achieve fair outcomes that address safety concerns, repair costs, and diminished value without unnecessary delay.
For Esparto residents, practical considerations such as local repair options, inspection resources, and proximity to service facilities are part of the advice we provide. We guide clients in preserving evidence, obtaining necessary documentation, and taking timely steps to protect statutory rights. If litigation becomes necessary, we explain the process and help clients make informed decisions about pursuing the strongest available remedies. Throughout, our focus is on clear communication and realistic guidance tailored to each vehicle owner’s situation.
Our process begins with a free consultation to review purchase documents, repair orders, and any warranty information you have for the vehicle. After assessing the facts, we recommend the next steps, which may include requesting additional records, obtaining an independent inspection, and initiating negotiation or formal statutory notice if warranted. We keep clients informed about timelines, potential outcomes, and the likely costs and benefits of different approaches. Our aim is to pursue resolution efficiently while preserving options for stronger remedies if informal efforts do not succeed.
The initial step involves gathering all relevant documentation, including the bill of sale, repair invoices, warranty statements, and any written communications with the seller or repair shops. We create a timeline of events that highlights repair attempts and recurring failures. This organization enables us to evaluate whether the vehicle’s problems meet legal thresholds for remedy in California. We also advise clients on supplemental documents to obtain, such as vehicle history reports and independent inspection results, to strengthen the case before approaching the seller or manufacturer.
We closely examine the sales contract and any express or implied warranties to identify the seller’s obligations and any disclaimers that may affect the claim. Understanding those terms helps determine whether statutory protections apply and whether certain remedies are available. We explain how warranty coverage and disclaimers operate under California law and how the particular terms of your purchase may influence strategy. This review ensures that subsequent steps target the most promising remedies based on the vehicle’s coverage and documented failures.
Compiling repair orders and a complete service history creates the factual backbone of any claim. We identify dates, diagnoses, and repeated work that demonstrate the persistence of defects. This record helps establish a pattern of unresolved issues and supports requests for buybacks, replacements, or compensation. Accurate documentation also aids in calculating out-of-pocket expenses and diminished value, which are important elements when estimating potential recoveries and negotiating with sellers or manufacturers.
After preparing the documentation, we attempt to resolve the matter through negotiation with the seller or manufacturer by presenting a clear account of the defect and the repair history. Negotiation can lead to buybacks, repairs at the seller’s expense, or monetary settlements without the need for formal claims. If negotiations do not produce a fair resolution, we advise on statutory notice requirements and whether administrative or litigation steps should follow. Our priority is to seek a timely, practical outcome while preserving legal options for stronger remedies if necessary.
Presenting a concise, well-documented case to the dealer or manufacturer increases the likelihood of productive negotiations. We help prepare correspondence that summarizes the vehicle’s defects, repair attempts, and desired remedies, supported by repair orders and inspection reports. Clear presentation reduces misunderstandings and demonstrates seriousness. If the seller is willing to negotiate, we work to secure terms that address both current and potential future costs, aiming to resolve the dispute without resorting to formal claims wherever possible.
If informal negotiations fail, some claims require sending formal notice or pursuing administrative procedures required by law or warranty terms. We guide clients through these steps, ensuring that notices are properly drafted and deadlines are met. Following required procedures preserves the option to file a lawsuit later if necessary. Administrative remedies also create an official record of the dispute and, in some cases, lead to mandated resolutions or settlement discussions that would not occur through informal channels alone.
When negotiation and administrative steps do not yield an acceptable outcome, litigation may be pursued to secure buybacks, replacements, or compensation. Litigation involves filing a claim, exchanging evidence, and potentially going to trial, though many cases settle before trial. We prepare each case thoroughly by compiling repair records, expert or independent inspection reports, and evidence of communications with the seller. The litigation path seeks to enforce statutory rights and obtain remedies that reflect the full extent of the vehicle’s defects and financial losses.
Preparing for trial involves organizing all documentary evidence, identifying witnesses, and securing independent evaluations that support the claim. Even when litigation is filed, settlement remains possible, often during pretrial exchanges or mediation. Our role is to present a realistic assessment of likely outcomes based on the evidence and to negotiate from a position that reflects the documented impact of the defect. Clients receive guidance about the potential timeline and the tradeoffs between settlement and pursuing a contested outcome at trial.
If a judgment or settlement award is achieved, the final step is ensuring the terms are implemented, whether that means facilitating a buyback, securing payment for repairs, or obtaining reimbursement for out-of-pocket costs. We assist clients in enforcing judgments and monitoring compliance by the seller or manufacturer. This includes coordinating with relevant parties to complete any vehicle return processes, ensuring that agreed payments are made, and taking additional legal steps if the opposing party fails to comply with the resolution terms.
Begin by documenting the problem thoroughly and preserving all repair invoices and communications with the seller or repair shops. Make a timeline of each failure, including dates, symptoms, and any safety incidents. Photograph warning lights and damaged components, and obtain service receipts for every attempted repair. Timely and organized documentation can transform a confusing situation into a clear record that supports requests for reimbursement or stronger remedies. Next, request a copy of any warranty or purchase contract and consider getting an independent inspection if dealer repairs do not resolve the issue. Notify the seller in writing about the recurring problem and keep copies of that notice. If the repairs continue to fail or the seller refuses reasonable resolution, contact a lawyer familiar with vehicle defect matters to evaluate whether statutory remedies like buyback or replacement may apply.
Lemon law protections can apply to used vehicles in some situations, particularly when a vehicle remains under an existing factory warranty or when state consumer protection statutes cover the seller’s conduct. Whether those protections apply depends on the warranty status, the nature of the defect, and the repair history that demonstrates repeated attempts to fix a substantial problem. A careful review of the warranty terms and the vehicle’s repair record is necessary to determine if a lemon law or similar remedy is available. Even if classic lemon law provisions do not apply, other legal avenues such as breach of warranty, misrepresentation, or consumer protection statutes may still offer remedies. Collect repair orders, communications, and purchase documents to enable a legal assessment. Prompt notice to the seller and an evaluation of statutory deadlines are important to preserve options for a refund, replacement, or monetary compensation.
Repair orders and service records are often the most critical evidence in a defective vehicle claim. They show a chronological account of diagnostic steps, parts replaced, and technician findings, which helps demonstrate that a defect persisted despite repair efforts. Multiple repair orders showing the same unresolved issue can establish a pattern that supports stronger remedies such as buyback or replacement under California law. When repair documents are incomplete or missing, supplemental evidence like independent inspection reports, photographs, and written communications with the seller can help fill gaps. Maintaining these records from the earliest failures improves the likelihood of a favorable resolution and helps build a persuasive case for negotiations or formal claims.
Common remedies for defective used vehicles include repair at the seller’s expense, monetary settlements to cover repairs and diminished value, and buybacks where the seller purchases the vehicle back for a refund of the purchase price minus a reasonable usage offset. Replacement vehicles or negotiated compensation for ongoing costs are also possible depending on warranty coverage and the facts of the case. The remedy depends on documentation, warranty terms, and whether defects substantially impair the vehicle’s use or safety. Negotiation often resolves many disputes, but when that fails, administrative procedures or litigation may be pursued to obtain stronger remedies. Proper documentation and timely notice increase chances of securing meaningful recovery and can influence whether a voluntary settlement or formal remedy is the right path.
Time limits for bringing a claim vary depending on the type of claim and the specific statutes involved, and some remedies require prompt notice or administrative steps before filing suit. Warranty terms may set specific deadlines for reporting defects or seeking repairs, and statutory limitations can affect the time in which legal action must be filed. Reviewing these timelines early helps avoid forfeiting rights and ensures that required steps are taken within applicable windows. Because deadlines can differ by claim type, it is important to gather documents and seek an evaluation as soon as recurring defects become apparent. Prompt action helps preserve remedies and avoids complications from missed notices or statutes of limitation that could prevent recovery.
An independent inspection is not always required but is often helpful when the dealer’s repairs have not corrected the problem or when the seller disputes the severity of the defect. An objective report from a reputable mechanic can clarify the root cause, estimate repair needs, and provide an expert opinion on whether prior repairs were adequate. Such reports strengthen negotiations and can be persuasive in administrative or court settings. Independent inspections are particularly useful when repair orders lack detail or when the seller questions the necessity of repeated repairs. The cost of an inspection can be modest relative to potential recoveries and helps build a credible record to support remedies like buyback or compensation.
Purchases from private sellers can pose additional challenges because some statutory warranties and dealer obligations may not apply in the same way as with dealer sales. However, private sellers can still be liable for fraudulent misrepresentations or for failing to disclose known defects in certain situations. The remedies available depend on the specific factual circumstances and any statements made during the sale. Even with private sales, documentation such as vehicle history reports, prior repair invoices, and written promises made at the time of sale can support claims for misrepresentation or fraud. Prompt documentation and legal review help determine whether legal action is feasible and which remedies may be available in private sale disputes.
You may be able to recover incidental costs such as towing, reasonable rental car expenses, or other out-of-pocket costs when they are directly related to a defective vehicle and the seller’s refusal to adequately repair or replace it. Recovering these costs typically depends on documentation showing that the expenses were necessary and related to the defect, and on whether a claim for repair, buyback, or compensation is successful. Keep receipts for towing, rentals, and related expenses and include them in your case record. Presenting this documentation during negotiations or a formal claim strengthens your position and helps quantify the full impact of the defect on your daily life and finances.
A remaining manufacturer warranty can significantly affect remedies because factory coverage may obligate the manufacturer to repair defects or provide other remedies. If a used vehicle remains under an original warranty or if the dealer provided a warranty at sale, those commitments can be enforced to obtain repairs or replacement. It is important to review warranty documents to understand coverage periods, limits, and any required notice procedures. When the manufacturer’s warranty has expired, other legal theories such as breach of contract, misrepresentation, or consumer protection statutes may still provide remedies. An assessment of all applicable warranties and contractual terms helps determine the most effective path to resolution for your situation in Esparto.
To discuss a defective used vehicle matter in Esparto, contact Law Republic APC to schedule a consultation and case review. You can call the office at 818-532-5323 to speak with a representative who will explain what documents to bring, including the sales contract, repair orders, and any warranty papers. During the initial review, we assess the documentation and outline potential next steps and likely remedies under California law. If you prefer, gather all relevant records and prepare a concise timeline of the defect and repair attempts before calling. This preparation helps make the consultation efficient and focused on the facts that matter most. We are available to help Esparto residents evaluate options and pursue appropriate measures to resolve defective vehicle disputes.
